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鄉下的妹子太便宜,一次四個都要了[12P]

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Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old
; d( u" @! I" B/ PBoy Induced by Indirect Topical
/ R+ V- B1 ^1 h3 o9 B$ U$ wExposure to Testosterone5 Z1 p; B: d+ c  m; _6 y/ X
Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,2
+ T  h( T, K- R3 A4 T9 Tand Kenneth R. Rettig, MD13 g; E( B4 h" t$ V/ z4 W( y$ P% v% \
Clinical Pediatrics
7 l7 q* ]9 h+ Q- x# O" _4 bVolume 46 Number 6
+ B, @  \2 r, j. Z1 u2 _0 YJuly 2007 540-5434 y% R. c9 o: r9 Y+ }# c& q
© 2007 Sage Publications1 w& \" n) x6 a( ?  }' C1 |( a9 e
10.1177/0009922806296651$ n- ~+ s$ x2 f+ e
http://clp.sagepub.com1 p! ^" [( O( @
hosted at
4 C# m/ e6 K( G# K  K# F9 E& e  X! C- dhttp://online.sagepub.com
4 D( q0 ^: F  _3 Z) a4 w: t9 FPrecocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,5 q: h: Z0 K% ~, O8 D+ a8 d
is a significant concern for physicians. Central
4 k( a+ J! A" w0 Gprecocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated
+ t% `. |, Z& H& b0 x# q8 S0 bthrough the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has
6 Q. L& g' e" Y8 h. ]7 [' t% aa higher incidence of organic central nervous system
5 `, ]3 I0 ]2 F4 i. ylesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested; w' p* h: J- k
by enlargement of the penis, development of pubic. U# K" W0 Y2 g! }& k  b
hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-0 ~: U# `2 X0 k, [; S
cles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We
+ |0 K; E, Q; R, Areport a 16-month-old boy who presented with the! }' T/ h/ |: V
enlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-; f7 Q/ G/ ?+ M" \8 |" g! r
ment without testicular enlargement, which was due! V( |7 Y; q4 H8 z
to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by
1 G3 P* h/ y2 G2 R' R; mthe father. The family initially concealed this infor-8 f" S, b2 m( \0 }" v
mation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this
3 X9 U7 G$ T+ r9 c6 ichild. Given the widespread and easy availability of
7 s$ o. ~. O1 X. n: }testosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-1 g, @9 M3 g; }; h
bly more common than the rare case report in the$ T; k% e, J4 M$ }
literature.4' q: |" ?! ]" k+ O0 p- J  f
Patient Report( ]3 {& n1 s: A; h7 V
A 16-month-old white child was referred to the, q! Y9 R( r/ Z5 D
endocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern
3 I3 J$ w& i  k8 N3 Uof early sexual development. His mother noticed) d# B! n2 u  X5 F
light colored pubic hair development when he was/ z/ |7 x  _! z- _. V
From the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of
, l0 I  j& B- k: cSouth Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.
% D8 s# h8 s4 X+ d( q( cAddress correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,$ `: \; ~0 \8 E  c; K
Professor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of' z" J, u! E. b: Z4 j2 X& ~! Z
Medicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;
3 {, s( l, I: }, fe-mail: [email protected].
: U) i9 f, t+ d. H* C0 g8 pabout 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became# v1 ?% {' X# N" X
darker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-
5 f7 Y( d/ c8 V5 x- xment of his penis and frequent erections. The child. m4 E/ R9 c8 w
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with9 k! ]! X; G& ?: Y8 r0 V# W
a birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of' L) {1 p$ j$ I: w& _
20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year, F( z2 T- ?! r! n, Q" q
of life and was still receiving breast milk along with
3 H! o6 c: c. }0 j( K! W3 q$ L) D+ Rsolid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,# ?$ o$ [2 V( n, h
and his psychosocial and psychomotor development% l# b2 w3 E, y
was age appropriate.; N" d# r" e+ a& l* l, z% }% q
The family history was remarkable for the father,
8 @& g6 N! ~: ?3 Ewho was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,% ~$ r$ P/ F+ V$ l/ l
which was treated with thyroxine. The father’s0 a" J; q% [: K& ?
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat5 L5 Y, W0 [( W( `3 K
early puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.
; M9 d! e' [1 e+ o, aThe father denied taking any other medication. The
. B% q/ }$ w& \child’s mother was in good health. Her menarche6 E+ s: K7 g8 u, ~2 ~
was at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet1 q$ r3 |" v' W, T9 i
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-
, V: o: W8 U7 T! b$ J4 j6 S/ Hcocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-
/ O. u7 b: d5 p9 Atives. There were no siblings.' `. U3 D3 i9 U
Physical Examination
# ]# R1 s9 v" E/ D4 [+ \The physical examination revealed a very active,
6 c* O9 K) i) H2 o# {; M- ~/ Mplayful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented
, p! [' q  V7 d, M) E, |a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was1 ^( |$ v: ^1 L" w
90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg
  q, `8 o: }! [# z(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth0 l2 H* E- B* I) j
velocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of
* G- u  Q2 F7 c% i( }  wthe neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.1 v: w. N! L; K4 |3 N
The genitourinary examination was remarkable for
$ S* S  W- a9 z: p2 Q, ^, [enlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of5 r7 z& E8 @3 D; ?# }3 Q
8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well& i& R" \9 a& T+ w1 J% \3 w8 T" Q
developed. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around
- O2 r/ E; `8 \1 [/ N. Y540; [  p4 e( N  V9 p! c6 p
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from: G. Y/ c8 G& {) v5 e7 c
the base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
9 v! S* r+ i. O7 b% Wtesticular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.: `! W6 k! F2 m3 ^% ~; u, @8 X
The skin was moist and smooth and somewhat. y$ ^1 W, T- y+ f6 N. @
oily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no
' h+ N$ j% P2 Kabnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.0 S* s2 m2 Y# f
Neurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+
5 D  v9 p4 c  n; l; |6 O* ybilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion  T# D- W9 M% e; x
of papilledema.0 ]0 y7 s( W8 W3 F+ \
Laboratory Evaluation
/ x' v4 i/ N  \$ k) h3 t& m+ BThe bone age was consistent with 28 months by
' `( V  m6 ]8 i- |using the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
( C( n( Z* a: n) @# v( z" flogic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal- e$ x0 w* O, t& R
karyotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test
7 C& x/ w5 L# v0 _" }showed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-5 D0 [: H" g# a' v4 O/ @  m; Q
lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal).
5 c. M! O3 r! j$ G* |. yThe concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood& ]6 h$ E, P. C; p. T. f
urea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were0 X( ?$ k3 a: ~9 h$ O! R; v
within normal range for his age. The concentration
8 F6 ], w3 U4 p! |of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL
- [5 ?+ U7 F$ i% c(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 20
1 N) h) S, \7 s. X3 U  W7 wng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-
( C0 B' I8 o8 b  F4 u! Z8 v: \" @terone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),
7 ^# N- t7 D- o) Tdesoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to/ b: k% v7 s7 ~# Q+ h
49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)* q( x  u# e1 s
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-
, Y* }) q9 G& o$ ?tisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total1 C% n. Q6 P' }* s) B: m
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),
/ P7 I+ u2 _0 Y+ E5 E" C( I# yand β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than
5 K& _  |8 d5 a& U0 D6 u8 r5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular
2 i8 ]: [1 ~, i# c! A4 Ystimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone; U  T1 u( z3 c6 Y+ G
concentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL
- U* m# [- Q! s" @: e/ m(prepubertal).
9 ]. [: h( ?" y! }. X; TThe parents were notified about the laboratory
' T: E/ \$ l: [' Y! f  K1 o: s- vresults and were informed that all of the tests were0 P% Y. d$ O) _3 T' P$ x
normal except the testosterone level was high. The
& j% a0 t) X  Z: mfollow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to4 z8 @- k  z4 l! ]# Q0 D9 W) ?
obtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-7 @3 W* ]0 k- b- g0 U( D: T) w
ever, the family did not return for 4 months.
1 J& `0 F% y6 a+ E% N  s: }Physical examination at this time revealed that the
1 v$ B' k! m5 j8 `child had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained" X* e5 o( h* B  f! J
2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained
! ~# ^: i8 F" t/ z7 iunchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-
3 W% V) X2 N" j4 npletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at
% ~! y# S$ m5 X- {5 ]the base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2
$ r3 |* Q7 T: M+ Y8 MmL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.7 _- ^: G+ Z8 m. V6 K* H  P
The mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-
2 P% s, g; `0 u0 h  J; |ing frequent erections.
) f7 X/ S. @$ p. F' ]Both parents were again questioned about use of
9 I& n7 L0 o$ N( q  o# X/ E# g1 Kany ointment/creams that they may have applied to# ]4 w3 t, T* V# P" i1 h
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the. s7 |9 S4 F1 A8 V* t
Topical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 541
8 b) j4 s+ B) j% {use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-
" a+ J3 ~' X  g& s3 eing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for
/ R% ^) C  l5 J4 o- P' Ua year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed
1 N2 G; [! ~* Z9 Oto disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre-% H$ S+ w9 G0 }7 E
scribed by his family physician for decreased libido
6 L) X1 x' d" z* H6 R  N0 J" csecondary to depression.( r; @6 @( ?8 o8 W" ~5 }
The child slept in the same bed with parents.7 B. b) g5 o$ M
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his/ a. u$ s& T( u4 I0 I% v! o
chest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-
9 V6 A# {5 n2 P  Anificant bare skin contact between baby and father.
. `$ T8 L7 |  ^' A0 e/ OThe father also admitted that after the phone call,. J5 n% o# e( a
when he learned the testosterone level in the baby4 r) ]* C5 @4 r) s( D$ j
was high, he then read the product information1 L4 M- g" ~; E$ j3 ~
packet and concluded that it was most likely the rea-) D% O; e" ^  I1 G
son for the child’s virilization. At that time, they
& A( t6 W& ]' ?, T, z' |1 `decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the. [' o# w0 ?2 ^' ]/ c; V( C3 D
father was not hugging him with bare skin and had
* X8 n/ @# O3 _, v! xbeen using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone) C' [9 x$ s' x! N& E: g. K0 G
test was ordered, but the family did not go to the& t% w9 A; h" T+ q
laboratory to obtain the test.
! z7 p% g2 m' g2 b% HDiscussion
4 r/ k4 b; g/ K- P1 g, h) iPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary% z! W1 e' H, b/ }
sexual development before 9 years of age.1,4
5 n1 }  q4 x: H+ M7 _Precocious puberty is termed as central (true) when6 B2 y3 _( q& a1 Y+ \0 L
it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-) d4 p/ k! K* B# H# ~  t, Y
thalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-  q; y( ^( a2 r+ w
mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP1 U/ I3 e1 O/ y$ h1 @" x# F
may have a central nervous system lesion that is" O9 Z+ \( N* ]( d' ]6 H+ p
responsible for the early activation of the hypothal-+ y( T4 v0 U1 X! F1 y
amic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-
4 Q; ~$ y* ?8 A* Lsis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in; }, z: U7 J. p# ^5 a; z" ~4 e
boys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-- B+ ?7 e; |. L/ |
ization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-
7 {- g7 n" [; _7 ?) h; q5 Hrical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by
1 g; R+ r4 T. O1 @! @gonadotropins.1,3: ^1 X# [2 y8 O! h0 b) f
Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-
3 b( j0 U9 d; w2 Wcious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate
3 r* Y/ G0 A! e  t: N3 q- _androgenic stimulation from either endogenous or
7 R8 V- n( k4 M2 U0 X! aexogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-" O6 K2 H2 m+ [5 {
ulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing
' x. @( Q) A1 S8 Acongenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive1 ?$ n, Z. e+ C7 v
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
" ]% @1 Q& m8 Apuberty in boys.3,44 u( F4 y) a% N0 ~$ k6 x  S
The most common form of congenital adrenal
. S* m% K2 S( r# J# Y7 h: lhyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.
; D) p  P9 `' `' b0 UThe 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in2 }5 A9 }' P' ~4 }
excessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,
9 O' d$ j& R3 ]an adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen) O+ k7 F: U8 c9 p& \# U$ x4 ]
excess.1,3
( ^- a' p* t8 T3 Gat University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from
- j- O4 A3 S, Q. v9 F542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
7 V& J8 w5 ?, ^0 U% S" w7 HA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-9 w* x7 G$ f( V: M
independent precocious puberty, which is also known; V& Z, H% z/ E2 b9 f3 j: n
as testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a
$ R: P- [7 H3 |% I1 Uvery young age. The physical findings in these boys3 N  j* |; C6 ^- Z, C* U4 j' W
with this disorder are full pubertal development,
$ |8 N4 r5 P) F5 Q: Iincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys
/ x+ _% G. l: f4 Jwith CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder' C% U1 }! R4 v) j: ?) V, Y
are suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show& _1 Q5 d. t; z, }4 P
pubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-9 x6 e: F0 H  J" r
releasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked, N$ S2 y- L. {
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only
! B% s4 r; p; W0 V0 Hmales; therefore, other male members of the family) H) O' \8 P: p
may have similar precocious puberty.37 r, P6 ?# A0 T% Y# h: O0 n
In our patient, physical examination was incon-
, M8 Q1 w% u# W) @3 @2 a2 a% f2 Isistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-
5 y7 D) p! ^& F# Pcles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis" I3 F5 r# O, M% U8 v" ~! D, O0 x2 h' G
was in the differential diagnosis because his father! @0 `' a6 }9 v# W! V
started puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,0 U5 |. Z" g. W
testicular enlargement is not that evident in the8 M$ N+ f" G; T" C
beginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-' ^) s5 B1 Q% a
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our
+ R& v9 O) s1 W: L+ Qbiggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,
/ c2 v' C1 q) s0 q9 V+ G! oeither 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase
2 a& g7 S. N3 S6 I4 Wdeficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-
9 W  u* ~9 E# K1 Xing the normal level of adrenal steroids." V! {# q6 ]7 j) X
The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly' r/ T4 _9 R: P- [  `1 h
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because
" N, v& S- E4 Z" N: dthe physical examination revealed the complete disap-0 l- y1 z$ n6 X7 P' I$ h0 g
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and6 u) {5 |, O0 T+ H( z/ H$ Y9 U  |0 Z
decreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-
) K# J& v( J+ B. |0 \! P$ O; xterone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was
& l" n$ j% \8 C, s. n" Vusing it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’9 m. W$ I6 J6 l/ s( X
Desk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or
0 }! `0 c9 f6 ?( p/ I" r7 kcream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to
; p1 x; v8 ^7 e2 i. }unprotected females through direct skin exposure.
& k  v& K2 o. z$ v+ LSerum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the& s  l0 I0 {( T5 A- Q1 _$ R! x' f8 C: W
baseline value in those females who were exposed to% g- N. w0 \7 {
even 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male
3 c2 Y) w0 c: _partners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-- f$ F: L, H" S8 M" H2 M6 l
tion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.
6 q) S" y' f& L! L- ]! d4 [Our patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,! p1 \& R$ ~9 H& v! O
which was clearly high. Some studies suggest that
* c0 @- {8 g% ^4 O) ]dermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-* `- P8 \7 P! I) h
terone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
- B3 Q- }+ ~9 f4 eactive in young children exposed to testosterone
+ F" h' n' k& y5 c! _1 e$ c( G! Hexogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-6 `7 s) u% u$ q. y% V) `% P
drotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to
  i3 M" d7 C" x4 vvirilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in( g2 `9 A, K% d
children results in an increase in growth velocity and* A; o' \8 ?( r4 c  F: }
advanced bone age, as seen in our patient.. l, @. M2 w5 R! U
The long-term effect of androgen exposure during7 E. ~6 y2 s, V8 ]& m4 \
early childhood on pubertal development and final
" g- ?5 ?8 R0 M1 P# oadult height are not fully known and always remain
3 _- ]( {' `* z5 Y  k: Da concern. Children treated with short-term testos-
6 \/ E3 ~% n  m- Uterone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some& }+ s8 j' ^) \
acceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after
8 U) E: n  l- ~# d' H' m! j7 icessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation
9 ^  O. r" C7 p' R1 Zdecelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,9
0 t+ E, l. H  JThere are conflicting reports and controversy
7 O. ?4 E; ]+ _, s2 Q8 nover the effect of early androgen exposure on adult; C0 O2 ~' V+ Q
penile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal
. o/ {( W5 L5 f/ F3 Radult penile length, apparently because of downreg-1 }% v, M6 E! X
ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,
$ L$ o& Y7 j6 S8 J, n7 G. tSutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between3 Z: d7 t( z! T$ U! G
childhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult3 E8 \  X* ~8 m" A2 u
penile length in clinical studies.
, i. j- ~& `8 T9 i+ NNonetheless, we do not believe our patient is
0 U$ h1 a0 z5 Igoing to experience any of the untoward effects from
! K% {- \4 B# q3 o# f- a, xtestosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because3 N# {' q7 t3 C
the exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.
. F; E% O3 V- S# mAlthough the bone age was advanced at the time of& y" H7 }  \4 r3 M+ V/ I" t
diagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at
; H8 e% }* i9 `5 ?  y, V/ C9 l- Jthe follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult
: L# o' u, m/ n- [# uheight will not be affected.5 v1 {. N$ s& ~% k# W3 X
Although rarely reported, the widespread avail-
8 H2 M5 \' S" lability of androgen products in our society may
7 C; s- G, x6 Xindeed cause more virilization in male or female
" G8 b* ]( B3 s- m$ _. Jchildren than one would realize. Exposure to andro-
& D, p7 t3 I& c% Sgen products must be considered and specific ques-/ Y1 }$ n2 B( @+ p9 V0 w+ P
tioning about the use of a testosterone product or' ^. a/ G8 X5 c4 c1 b( a
gel should be asked of the family members during7 n' T% ~3 S1 g" @  W! c$ Q% X  h; s
the evaluation of any children who present with vir-/ e# E; b. ?/ O" ]5 i, _
ilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-
, A4 i3 ^3 U7 T4 i$ p; q0 knosis can be established by just a few tests and by0 z$ d4 B( ]  a$ x5 z. ~' B' C
appropriate history. The inability to obtain such a. D- v' ^- M7 z/ N$ j( W, T4 i
history, or failure to ask the specific questions, may8 X: F: w, _! D7 m) i! V* b
result in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive
( p* h; {4 F! u! u; `, |investigation. The primary care physician should be* `+ [% H( |8 {# [! a; j
aware of this fact, because most of these children* y' G4 @/ W& U( ?0 o. M& b
may initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
6 s( k) v* Q6 y# O8 h: N: e( XDesk Reference and package insert should also put a
: c  S: `  f2 x! \  @1 W  c0 cwarning about the virilizing effect on a male or' S# j0 k) K$ m4 ^( j
female child who might come in contact with some-# M6 f) [! h/ s# H
one using any of these products.
7 {/ C  c& O3 N; C- h% f, kReferences
9 F0 N8 D. u( c0 F" G& D- O1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation- e/ Z0 x+ G4 M$ M  S1 f  V+ u
and puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric: O+ ?* v  R0 h/ Q5 e) [, N
Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;
  `8 h* w" ^! l$ S0 i7 |2002: 565-628.4 z* }: _/ C" u- Q8 N- x
2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious4 K" O* `- S) k: p3 l
puberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal
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Sexual Precocity in a 16-Month-Old7 I. i5 D9 z6 n: w" a6 Y
Boy Induced by Indirect Topical
$ J5 o  t5 R0 P  b" x- Z# q( f, K. LExposure to Testosterone* X- S& O3 z: G# j  n0 T1 R
Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,1 Tracy Ricke, MD,21 ?' ~- V& a! n  H1 ~
and Kenneth R. Rettig, MD10 M' g6 s0 d5 f' b0 T
Clinical Pediatrics' P/ P$ Q3 G4 r8 {$ w  O1 Q
Volume 46 Number 6
6 ^) h+ E& O7 `; B' m( eJuly 2007 540-543
' z6 P/ s+ k& F4 t9 F. \© 2007 Sage Publications
' b8 ^" ^4 P2 @10.1177/0009922806296651
6 [: T0 ]( W% b, Bhttp://clp.sagepub.com0 B- U6 M# x# y) z; Z0 I/ C4 R, @" }
hosted at
) x' a9 @* l- c) E+ khttp://online.sagepub.com
6 L! y, X, t# S6 n4 M: y5 V, oPrecocious puberty in boys, central or peripheral,( F$ B9 u2 V  n7 k8 x
is a significant concern for physicians. Central/ x" M) U/ [3 q( {
precocious puberty (CPP), which is mediated0 i6 @6 e7 F- N; `/ p1 w- e/ z- d
through the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, has
9 P- o; N! u9 j/ Y8 a+ W. @" Wa higher incidence of organic central nervous system
* P: T3 l" Z4 i: o/ ilesions in boys.1,2 Virilization in boys, as manifested
6 [& S7 |0 `  Y) y' u: T; n, ?! `by enlargement of the penis, development of pubic, p6 u, ]0 E' j; {- J
hair, and facial acne without enlargement of testi-8 |3 {- q6 c( G: R9 C
cles, suggests peripheral or pseudopuberty.1-3 We
' T! Y; s7 \% t' r# kreport a 16-month-old boy who presented with the
7 g+ W) I" Y2 o& D6 o" u+ L4 benlargement of the phallus and pubic hair develop-
6 X7 o* y8 I0 w& n* o" Kment without testicular enlargement, which was due: w) [5 u+ `6 G5 \
to the unintentional exposure to androgen gel used by
5 ?9 j+ }) Y. h7 W' \the father. The family initially concealed this infor-3 ^; C: x0 u# s7 a
mation, resulting in an extensive work-up for this9 @1 Z/ R- E8 x7 S. L0 P* t
child. Given the widespread and easy availability of' N! B/ C- [! N3 w( d; a( S
testosterone gel and cream, we believe this is proba-/ C3 W! Y* v' K7 D
bly more common than the rare case report in the' x& }$ J$ c8 B9 A% [
literature.4
- p+ E- o$ o0 k7 X% k" ~. MPatient Report
9 q/ O* \6 ^/ o- A; KA 16-month-old white child was referred to the& u. _( `  Y1 _+ V7 o
endocrine clinic by his pediatrician with the concern
. x" j; f" h; Y0 ?( i0 q, @9 {of early sexual development. His mother noticed; U% ^. I; q$ o
light colored pubic hair development when he was( }. E5 \& N( l
From the 1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, 2University of) C6 l1 i' t) d. u
South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, Alabama.
! s# [0 K& o: [9 G' S4 h* rAddress correspondence to: Samar K. Bhowmick, MD, FACE,
: i- B; p! J8 bProfessor of Pediatrics, University of South Alabama, College of$ g6 P2 N, ^2 I9 t- T2 E( j
Medicine, 2451 Fillingim St. Mastin 212, Mobile, AL 36617-2297;; b. Y0 z5 h9 G. i8 c( t+ }7 h4 P
e-mail: [email protected].  r! T1 \: y- j
about 6 to 7 months old, which progressively became3 k1 l8 @. p+ ?; \) a' i* b
darker. She was also concerned about the enlarge-
" u" N; U: O: e3 N) Iment of his penis and frequent erections. The child# f$ V2 L7 y7 i
was the product of a full-term normal delivery, with# ?" I2 z% s# d4 R* o. G
a birth weight of 7 lb 14 oz, and birth length of
2 [# e# Q; K3 |5 \! k" s20 inches. He was breast-fed throughout the first year/ J+ h+ Z* p6 k* g% Z
of life and was still receiving breast milk along with
1 }$ ^! ~. z6 g+ Csolid food. He had no hospitalizations or surgery,
1 B% d" r3 o5 |/ ^. Xand his psychosocial and psychomotor development
" B6 `! L5 ~$ O$ Y% l# h% Swas age appropriate.
& C  z1 R5 p, q4 SThe family history was remarkable for the father,
7 v. s% h8 R( S) s' Bwho was diagnosed with hypothyroidism at age 16,! c8 L! _# G& U
which was treated with thyroxine. The father’s* ]' S, s. A5 I+ R  ]/ N
height was 6 feet, and he went through a somewhat
3 m  q  u, m% G% j3 Jearly puberty and had stopped growing by age 14.
8 @, @' d1 ]' V9 RThe father denied taking any other medication. The
3 }6 n" M* k: P& ychild’s mother was in good health. Her menarche
. s$ h; P# z  h/ C' X, Z6 u: D3 awas at 11 years of age, and her height was at 5 feet# x1 A" `) \; S/ u$ U# @
5 inches. There was no other family history of pre-
' r$ W$ @/ }' D2 o" a0 ycocious sexual development in the first-degree rela-. j. Y! I5 B  I; f+ J/ J  \
tives. There were no siblings.
8 O6 f6 A  W+ O" y0 W& y9 mPhysical Examination
: W* |7 b% D: C! W9 X4 EThe physical examination revealed a very active,
3 D" w% I" v# p/ H( P& b) R  Fplayful, and healthy boy. The vital signs documented
. d" A" e5 W" h; i% L# ~& M3 j$ K% C% |a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, his length was
, m. }- q/ N; L5 B+ c  U0 J/ C2 X7 B$ V90 cm (>97th percentile), and his weight was 14.4 kg
% ^" t  ~+ l  o1 z9 H: ?# T. ?1 l* [(also >97th percentile). The observed yearly growth
* @# V1 z7 P3 ?4 H! w3 u0 X0 Nvelocity was 30 cm (12 inches). The examination of
8 Z0 O" a2 U0 y+ K. Kthe neck revealed no thyroid enlargement.
: l! [9 I7 I" _  IThe genitourinary examination was remarkable for
- g2 o6 T0 `7 s0 \0 M  c7 `, Benlargement of the penis, with a stretched length of
6 G& O* R& o/ a4 ~$ K  q  r8 cm and a width of 2 cm. The glans penis was very well1 |1 t+ A" w; H& s6 f; v
developed. The pubic hair was Tanner II, mostly around# m) T" I: j$ N
540  K/ T  `4 ?5 d# n% x4 i. M- Q" F
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the base of the phallus and was dark and curled. The
8 ~+ F4 O8 ~" \testicular volume was prepubertal at 2 mL each.
$ O( u9 g1 ^+ \) z2 h. s* dThe skin was moist and smooth and somewhat
, H) b5 U6 J) @  g' t  ooily. No axillary hair was noted. There were no$ m$ k7 ^9 Z1 N- \
abnormal skin pigmentations or café-au-lait spots.5 P7 t9 O2 h( w* i
Neurologic evaluation showed deep tendon reflex 2+
5 \# M8 U+ K: Dbilateral and symmetrical. There was no suggestion
0 f, D- P& h, m! C) \7 cof papilledema.- s5 `! B$ C' P# n6 P: i
Laboratory Evaluation" C. S- Z/ c* H$ W, ^- r
The bone age was consistent with 28 months by
. E! ]& E  s4 ]using the standard of Greulich and Pyle at a chrono-
% ]& s( N  ?' b( e) v. Z# }7 @logic age of 16 months (advanced).5 Chromosomal& v9 k! e# I  ~' h" V0 D
karyotype was 46XY. The thyroid function test# h7 Z" K. P! |$ E; i
showed a free T4 of 1.69 ng/dL, and thyroid stimu-8 t/ s' x* `: Z4 E8 t( s
lating hormone level was 1.3 µIU/mL (both normal).; z  Q; V0 x. R6 r
The concentrations of serum electrolytes, blood
, o0 t0 a- O6 z# ?1 qurea nitrogen, creatinine, and calcium all were6 T# c+ P3 O! e* _) P) ~5 H
within normal range for his age. The concentration0 r' b/ I6 K) r
of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone was 16 ng/dL$ B9 i" W) ?7 E0 u, C5 Q
(normal, 3 to 90 ng/dL), androstenedione was 205 C+ D- W" m& K( ]
ng/dL (normal, 18 to 80 ng/dL), dehydroepiandros-4 X) ^" `4 M1 o4 z: g
terone was 38 ng/dL (normal, 50 to 760 ng/dL),
5 }! o7 z* {' O5 N, v0 ldesoxycorticosterone was 4.3 ng/dL (normal, 7 to
8 f" \0 e9 z4 U49ng/dL), 11-desoxycortisol (specific compound S)5 L/ }6 o4 z- N9 s) }- M7 Z
was 43 ng/dL (normal, 10 to 156 ng/dL), serum cor-9 }( k, k( ^' _% k/ K
tisol was 7.6 µg/dL (normal, 2.8 to 23 µg/dL), total0 t% e- y1 a2 T) v% q' o
testosterone was 60 ng/dL (normal <3 to 10 ng/dL),
- X' x: a. I  m! c; X5 o' e' Pand β-human chorionic gonadotropin was less than. M$ f2 Q0 W' T
5 mIU/mL (normal <5 mIU/mL). Serum follicular% \0 N5 V1 U  ?$ ]+ a2 Y4 v
stimulating hormone and leuteinizing hormone
! Y% x6 q# h5 T" t2 W+ gconcentrations were less than 0.05 mIU/mL5 a7 y4 D+ b. v% e7 y! V7 U
(prepubertal).3 @0 N7 a" a  k7 d) a$ C' q
The parents were notified about the laboratory
. d0 n) V1 f1 dresults and were informed that all of the tests were
3 |. g. D# a6 D4 Cnormal except the testosterone level was high. The
8 E. B4 i8 I/ ]follow-up visit was arranged within a few weeks to
; d/ v2 n+ N3 ]) D* Hobtain testicular and abdominal sonograms; how-
3 ]  l' g) o, b9 aever, the family did not return for 4 months.
1 i5 F& A. n9 U) ~% w6 ]Physical examination at this time revealed that the% F% P. i8 c! v4 B0 \( \$ w# U
child had grown 2.5 cm in 4 months and had gained0 i- K/ L/ d" A( g" j/ ~6 s
2 kg of weight. Physical examination remained' @8 P$ j; c2 Z5 m& W- }
unchanged. Surprisingly, the pubic hair almost com-
1 V% g; K% h8 q- i6 k( n: {& Wpletely disappeared except for a few vellous hairs at" G! |  N* v% D4 i
the base of the phallus. Testicular volume was still 2, R" n" R, H6 W3 {/ i) W
mL, and the size of the penis remained unchanged.
3 z4 d- E: M6 Q8 IThe mother also said that the boy was no longer hav-
- o# i" |2 b: C7 E( u* |ing frequent erections.! Q) x" }% y; n% v( H; Q
Both parents were again questioned about use of
/ C  L2 P. b) D) S7 V: J8 wany ointment/creams that they may have applied to! H( c" Y* i( V
the child’s skin. This time the father admitted the0 {: [( K4 a, {' C* @! h2 L
Topical Testosterone Exposure / Bhowmick et al 541
; O. B+ g- F& z  I/ T5 Q8 k/ ]use of testosterone gel twice daily that he was apply-
0 @. L& ]7 |  n" ~; E7 \ing over his own shoulders, chest, and back area for( \* [2 f5 v, x1 H+ m; {' D- a1 X
a year. The father also revealed he was embarrassed
" O' q1 H6 C6 P9 S& }" tto disclose that he was using a testosterone gel pre-
5 q% }/ i9 S& K, A& Yscribed by his family physician for decreased libido; J& Q- y" m( h! o3 }' p( q
secondary to depression.
5 `1 k$ i' D2 c: E' h4 iThe child slept in the same bed with parents.. ^7 s8 b7 L% p$ ?
The father would hug the baby and hold him on his
& d, h5 Y" |9 y9 y& P7 mchest for a considerable period of time, causing sig-7 M2 X: l* z5 d$ W# U2 L/ O9 G9 d
nificant bare skin contact between baby and father.- G) ]$ e' O- [: b1 B* @
The father also admitted that after the phone call,6 v6 V* {- H4 h, {1 Y% @& b  m
when he learned the testosterone level in the baby
/ B9 l9 |6 u1 K( p* kwas high, he then read the product information8 P! `* o+ A& ^3 R1 h; M
packet and concluded that it was most likely the rea-( y6 u6 g  s" X
son for the child’s virilization. At that time, they' `+ |6 H, Q8 K% P
decided to put the baby in a separate bed, and the- Z6 V3 ]8 S* F# Q  ?
father was not hugging him with bare skin and had
" C% {) Q- Y7 Y: n& V8 n* Ibeen using protective clothing. A repeat testosterone
+ ], p& T9 m7 n2 [; [5 L6 Etest was ordered, but the family did not go to the, Q' f5 {$ G- c% U
laboratory to obtain the test.
. d5 _4 F( {3 tDiscussion
0 E+ j+ a+ T- u! rPrecocious puberty in boys is defined as secondary4 c( g8 w" @  d1 s& }  l
sexual development before 9 years of age.1,4
8 y' e# j: d- w6 u' Z& _Precocious puberty is termed as central (true) when7 @6 q% V. H. a" G) |
it is caused by the premature activation of hypo-$ g0 W( \- N0 L8 y. y& [
thalamic pituitary gonadal axis. CPP is more com-% z; _2 g5 X0 E2 y- i4 U. T) F* w
mon in girls than in boys.1,3 Most boys with CPP
, ~4 [4 Z  H+ ?" j, z. gmay have a central nervous system lesion that is
4 b/ g4 F8 d) C% Sresponsible for the early activation of the hypothal-
. v- J; H) v  v* Kamic pituitary gonadal axis.1-3 Thus, greater empha-
7 G( f7 w/ Z! @% `' S1 ?sis has been given to neuroradiologic imaging in
) e4 ]9 ^: @; D4 @1 g/ uboys with precocious puberty. In addition to viril-
0 U3 ~: [+ n9 B- xization, the clinical hallmark of CPP is the symmet-- k! R( X% M4 \. o6 Z6 k) z
rical testicular growth secondary to stimulation by
4 [+ O! {: y' j* `) }- Lgonadotropins.1,3# D) k/ x- _1 n2 c5 ], C
Gonadotropin-independent peripheral preco-
$ Q: E& ~: j; f2 i8 j; a2 |) Zcious puberty in boys also results from inappropriate# `) @. {( e1 w& H" K- E, p
androgenic stimulation from either endogenous or2 S5 w6 Z: Z( r" Y% u! S, l
exogenous sources, nonpituitary gonadotropin stim-
# U5 j; H- F6 d& P3 Wulation, and rare activating mutations.3 Virilizing6 L+ W/ C( {3 M6 W
congenital adrenal hyperplasia producing excessive& v  N6 r, y8 }+ k, M  P/ o
adrenal androgens is a common cause of precocious
: \/ T9 e5 M( spuberty in boys.3,4
( J. H8 C5 T0 v; U% K" bThe most common form of congenital adrenal" I7 L! `7 R. n! T8 i" L- @
hyperplasia is the 21-hydroxylase enzyme deficiency.
; _6 O! W. `$ E% G3 Z9 x2 dThe 11-β hydroxylase deficiency may also result in
! W8 r$ [5 d4 Wexcessive adrenal androgen production, and rarely,3 ^- G. ?3 t( T7 E
an adrenal tumor may also cause adrenal androgen1 _! d! J; ]+ D" S$ {
excess.1,3. B  ^2 o" n; Y
at University of Manchester Library on May 25, 2015 cpj.sagepub.com Downloaded from$ }5 P2 K" A3 W; d: n1 h$ H8 O# P
542 Clinical Pediatrics / Vol. 46, No. 6, July 2007
1 ^9 s6 u; M7 ^# n, i+ N7 Z4 {3 aA unique entity of male-limited gonadotropin-
% \/ Y8 d" o7 Z' r. P. r: `independent precocious puberty, which is also known
5 q/ R! o5 \/ R+ m8 @/ o: ~/ @. F# h& Las testotoxicosis, may cause precocious puberty at a
7 v% d+ z5 E  ^9 E" ivery young age. The physical findings in these boys
! N# m3 r/ {6 U6 _" Hwith this disorder are full pubertal development,
! b( _8 q& _5 m- Q6 R$ Bincluding bilateral testicular growth, similar to boys
) j8 E  R7 _% E1 g5 @8 Q3 \; qwith CPP. The gonadotropin levels in this disorder
" m% t; i: R, f9 U! Kare suppressed to prepubertal levels and do not show
" M& U7 c& @( U6 T# j% vpubertal response of gonadotropin after gonadotropin-
6 Z6 m  [: P1 f- M! Z  ^releasing hormone stimulation. This is a sex-linked7 L3 S' L8 k  V, \6 y
autosomal dominant disorder that affects only
6 X2 M3 P, {6 [2 ]+ vmales; therefore, other male members of the family
! K* ?9 S- q$ I  x0 ^* R3 pmay have similar precocious puberty.3
$ s( z+ g9 d! N  v1 z( L& f6 ~In our patient, physical examination was incon-. P) e3 p. c  z; d6 `. U8 [
sistent with true precocious puberty since his testi-
; a) }) L2 v9 N( O( R/ ecles were prepubertal in size. However, testotoxicosis- e. C2 m/ _. f6 V+ I4 e
was in the differential diagnosis because his father
) S0 j4 `7 u4 c/ G. U+ @$ cstarted puberty somewhat early, and occasionally,
! X. K$ h3 \3 `testicular enlargement is not that evident in the1 ?9 h2 T. N' C1 J
beginning of this process.1 In the absence of a neg-1 L* P, U" o; ]5 m0 i) W
ative initial history of androgen exposure, our' u8 u$ b& p/ m, v% M
biggest concern was virilizing adrenal hyperplasia,
  n; T/ F' ]1 [5 ~5 t+ d* n9 }5 }2 Aeither 21-hydroxylase deficiency or 11-β hydroxylase
5 O+ f+ M% w- _1 P8 o& ydeficiency. Those diagnoses were excluded by find-
6 A: g' p: Q$ {ing the normal level of adrenal steroids.5 y& `6 s3 i1 R2 O# l( n$ c
The diagnosis of exogenous androgens was strongly! z. A2 L& v2 K7 s8 y6 _
suspected in a follow-up visit after 4 months because3 O) ~0 ~+ Z: g- a
the physical examination revealed the complete disap-' |. F3 A8 q9 ]
pearance of pubic hair, normal growth velocity, and
* P, K2 q8 H8 idecreased erections. The father admitted using a testos-) D% U3 P( q7 B! a; l2 h$ e
terone gel, which he concealed at first visit. He was
  b" n8 i- S; C6 qusing it rather frequently, twice a day. The Physicians’6 p3 Y% x. ]4 p) Q
Desk Reference, or package insert of this product, gel or1 \! c; q$ a& o0 I
cream, cautions about dermal testosterone transfer to; [1 |; n1 @) d- M, r7 ]
unprotected females through direct skin exposure.
+ e4 _. n: B9 n: sSerum testosterone level was found to be 2 times the% @2 F7 s8 |+ h; e; u2 k
baseline value in those females who were exposed to
" g! f$ B, ]  i4 M$ ^- o; P2 T- geven 15 minutes of direct skin contact with their male0 l3 e3 Y" ]! ^2 e3 Z2 R
partners.6 However, when a shirt covered the applica-, Q5 T. \6 a" c8 C. I3 t
tion site, this testosterone transfer was prevented.
3 D* ~. N( u" TOur patient’s testosterone level was 60 ng/mL,
) a# O7 X3 x& c* C  J/ Jwhich was clearly high. Some studies suggest that, \6 Z8 m) j( o; C' e6 F, f
dermal conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestos-
7 @  t- D2 T, E% ?+ E. }& [terone, which is a more potent metabolite, is more
$ [. q9 S, D! ]+ x, N( q! M0 sactive in young children exposed to testosterone
% g8 ?0 c3 s6 N% j. M# Eexogenously7; however, we did not measure a dihy-1 @  Z' b( {0 r' x7 w* z$ D7 t
drotestosterone level in our patient. In addition to( y& A1 F3 Z* z2 {, t- P, X# g
virilization, exposure to exogenous testosterone in
9 @+ o# P2 S  v" i! H& S9 X3 Mchildren results in an increase in growth velocity and6 l( P8 f6 y( Z0 ]
advanced bone age, as seen in our patient.  \9 u1 S' Z: Z2 q8 B
The long-term effect of androgen exposure during
* O: ^) P# r( c! Bearly childhood on pubertal development and final# ]- F) ?0 T' E  \$ G, l
adult height are not fully known and always remain
4 z, H$ w8 g/ h" _a concern. Children treated with short-term testos-7 V5 o) H$ V/ G
terone injection or topical androgen may exhibit some6 T9 ?7 {, {# P0 @  q' V
acceleration of the skeletal maturation; however, after- m7 G) y5 _2 m
cessation of treatment, the rate of bone maturation
6 {& U8 d  B! y1 B) ]5 b/ H; U9 f. wdecelerates and gradually returns to normal.8,93 }4 z4 _9 ]# j. t5 A* E8 w
There are conflicting reports and controversy$ N6 _: G5 X+ P
over the effect of early androgen exposure on adult6 g' O2 T# w$ b7 g/ J, s: k- C
penile length.10,11 Some reports suggest subnormal
$ I, |; X& W( B  nadult penile length, apparently because of downreg-* q, {0 m" R8 H- U: x6 `
ulation of androgen receptor number.10,12 However,
( ]* `. a7 ?& s1 m/ WSutherland et al13 did not find a correlation between8 i* v- p0 ?3 r* s9 p- Q
childhood testosterone exposure and reduced adult
6 C7 m% r5 \0 \4 g* Kpenile length in clinical studies.
" E; P- T! ^" [$ J0 r  KNonetheless, we do not believe our patient is* B) D/ v* Q+ G* t
going to experience any of the untoward effects from) `( H) z) l+ \5 c4 l, a) Z
testosterone exposure as mentioned earlier because
( F  z1 n; N: n$ |7 F8 Mthe exposure was not for a prolonged period of time.; T- G6 Z5 ]/ ^1 l/ C" p. P9 U
Although the bone age was advanced at the time of5 M) c+ w5 F) c9 D; x
diagnosis, the child had a normal growth velocity at/ [0 Y# R+ @( p0 {2 r
the follow-up visit. It is hoped that his final adult+ c% H2 C6 m. Y* [$ E" U1 N
height will not be affected.
5 C7 L, V3 Q! p# e" f6 \Although rarely reported, the widespread avail-! W3 R% w/ t4 \! }# ~4 S. F3 |
ability of androgen products in our society may
8 m) p& n* R  y$ [indeed cause more virilization in male or female
6 d$ D! A' o& j  l  Pchildren than one would realize. Exposure to andro-
9 _% H% x$ u6 d3 Cgen products must be considered and specific ques-/ k) U- s6 o' j
tioning about the use of a testosterone product or
  x8 d  `! r  c5 l# i2 M) ]8 F2 [gel should be asked of the family members during
2 y; j/ |& E* Q6 f$ Othe evaluation of any children who present with vir-
) z8 N+ G8 O' L+ Oilization or peripheral precocious puberty. The diag-+ `$ d0 K' w% G$ a$ {; d
nosis can be established by just a few tests and by
8 C: r+ N3 e8 _: k& A2 {; yappropriate history. The inability to obtain such a# t. [$ @4 U4 Y8 P5 J
history, or failure to ask the specific questions, may  ^& \) S4 ]2 i, z+ @3 I7 c
result in extensive, unnecessary, and expensive
( J2 B$ z1 }) ]! ^2 T% Qinvestigation. The primary care physician should be3 x9 x7 n6 V+ }- h" Z  s
aware of this fact, because most of these children
, P- O- ~$ X2 h! U8 ^2 `may initially present in their practice. The Physicians’
. L& K' j1 e  }. sDesk Reference and package insert should also put a
6 u7 B, t; Q3 {  z% ?9 `. k' w7 dwarning about the virilizing effect on a male or
! Z+ j; N' Z1 g% z8 }0 Ufemale child who might come in contact with some-
* T, E/ O5 b6 a3 F* \: ~" G. }one using any of these products.
" w. ~* I( ^5 T$ `# P: a, r+ X: n+ VReferences6 u  Y1 q4 a) m/ W& [* m7 X
1. Styne DM. The testes: disorder of sexual differentiation' o; T, M) W1 }, T
and puberty in the male. In: Sperling MA, ed. Pediatric) [! q3 n1 Q! U( a5 f4 i
Endocrinology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;
, u9 {3 @# V- B+ ^9 q2002: 565-628.+ f- J( N, F5 M( @3 g/ r8 S( n
2. Rivarola M, Belgorosky A, Mendilaharzu H, et al. Precocious6 y) q  w* @9 {3 m( B3 W
puberty in children with tumours of the suprasellar pineal
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女厕偷拍辅导班主任尿尿老师的逼很嫩还有一点
發表於 2025-1-17 16:31:39 | 顯示全部樓層
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4个什么样的?
發表於 2025-1-19 02:41:05 | 顯示全部樓層
7 @, f  b+ {3 f3 y4 T6 e  }% y, _
精妙絕倫的精品,感謝啊!期待你更多更好的創作哦!
發表於 2025-3-8 22:04:50 | 顯示全部樓層
絕對的好貼!謝謝啊!逐字逐圖地看完這個帖子以後,我的心久久不能平靜,感恩啊!
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